Minor in Sustainability Engineering

For engineering majors only.

Students must be admitted to the minor.

The program director must approve the declaration of this minor.

Students must earn a GPA of 2.0 or better in all required courses.

Courses (excluding prerequisites) used to fulfill requirements for the major cannot be used as courses satisfying requirements for a minor.

The courses may be used to fulfill Gen-Ed requirements.

Prerequisite Courses

Must be completed before declaring minor:

Math

• MATH 224 - Differential Calculus

  This is a 2-credit course in differential calculus covering limits, continuity, and differentiation. Prerequisites: MATH 223 with a grade of C- or better, or Placement Exam. Offered each half semester. 2 credits. Levels: Undergraduate

• MATH 225 - Integral Calculus

  This is a 2-credit course in integral calculus covering optimization and integration. Prerequisites: MATH 224 with a grade of C- or better. Offered 2nd half of fall semester and both half semesters of spring semester. 2 credits. Levels: Undergraduate

• MATH 226 - Integration Tech & Application

  This is a 2-credit course covering the calculus of transcendental & inverse functions, L’Hospital’s Rule, integral techniques, improper integrals, calculus of parametric curves, and polar coordinates. Prerequisites: Math 225 with a grade of at least a C- or consent of instructor. 2 credits. Levels: Undergraduate

• MATH 227 - Infinite Series

  This is a 2-credit course covering sequences, series, power series, and Taylor series. Prerequisites: Math 226 with a grade of at least a C- or consent of instructor. 2 credits. Levels: Undergraduate

Chemistry

• CHEM 111 - Chemical Principles

  A one-semester introductory course in modern chemistry for potential science and engineering majors. Covers molecular structure and bonding, solids, organic chemistry and polymers, acid/base and redox chemistry, thermodynamics, electrochemistry and kinetics in both lecture and laboratory. Fulfills all requirements met by CHEM 107-108.Credits: 4. Format: 3 hour lecture; 2 hour discussion; 3 hour laboratory per week. Prerequisite: high school chemistry. Not open to students who have credit for CHEM 107 or CHEM 108 or CHEM 104 or CHEM 105 or CHEM 106. If taken as a part of a pre-health track an additional semester of inorganic chemistry must be taken to fulfill the requirement. Offered in the fall semesters only. Course fee applies. Refer to the Schedule of Classes. Levels: Graduate, Undergraduate

OR

• CHEM 107 - Gen Chem I CHEM/BCHEM Majors

  First of two courses for students who want a one-year, two-semester introductory general chemistry course as basis for further work in a science. Scientific measurement, atomic structure, periodic relationships, theories of bonding, states of matter, solution properties. Lecture and laboratory. Prerequisite: high school chemistry. Not open to students who have credit for CHEM 111. Credits: 4. Format: 3 hour lecture; 2 hour discussion; 3 hour laboratory per week. Offered: Fall. Course fee applies. Refer to the Schedule of Classes. Levels: Graduate, Undergraduate

• CHEM 108 - Gen Chem II CHEM/BCHEM Majors

  Continuation of CHEM 107. Thermochemistry and thermodynamics; equilibrium; chemical kinetics; electrochemistry; nuclear chemistry; descriptive inorganic, organic and biochemistry.. Prerequisite: CHEM 107 or equivalent. Not open to students who have credit for CHEM 111. Credits: 4. Format: 3 hour lecture; 2 hour discussion; 3 hour laboratory per week. Offered: Spring. Course fee applies. Refer to the Schedule of Classes. Levels: Undergraduate

Physics

• PHYS 131 - Gen. Physics I(Calculus Based)

  A calculus based introduction to the basic concepts underlying physical phenomena, including kinematics, dynamics, energy, momentum, forces found in nature, rotational motion, angular momentum, simple harmonic motion, fluids, thermodynamics and kinetic theory. Lectures, discussion, demonstration, and laboratory. Pre or Co-requisites: high school trigonometry and algebra; AP calculus or MATH 224/225. Offered spring semester. 4 credits. Levels: Graduate, Undergraduate

Required Courses (not including pre-requisites)

Core sustainability engineering

• EDD 305 - Intro to Sustainable Eng & Des

  The course presents an overview of sustainability, sustainable engineering principles and sustainable engineering design principles. Students will understand and appreciate the necessity for moving toward sustainable technologies. Prerequisites: Math 224/225 and Math 226/227. Course is offered in the Fall semester. 3 credits. Levels: Undergraduate

• EDD 306 - Eng Sustainable Energy

  A systems approach to the application of fundamental principles of thermodynamics, energy conversion, economics, and statistical risk analysis to problems associated with technology for sustainable energy. Topics include systems engineering modeling approach, quantifying energy technologies and risk, thermodynamic analysis of energy conversion cycles, appropriate technologies, and the use of energy resources. Prerequisites: CHEM 111 and PHYS 132. Course is offered in the Spring semester. 3 credits. Levels: Undergraduate

• EDD 307 - Ecology for Engineers

  Course covers the concept of ecological systems; environmental determinism; the influence of markets, regulations and policy on development predominant goals of sustainability; and the critical role of engineers in achieving sustainable development. Prerequisites: CHEM 111 and PHYS 132 (or equivalents). Course is offered in the Fall semester. 3 credits. Levels: Undergraduate

Required electives

• Three 3-credit or 4-credit hour courses must be selected from at least two departments.
• At least two of the elective courses must be at the advanced undergraduate level (i.e., 300 or 400).
• Courses required within a student’s major other than elective courses CANNOT be used as courses satisfying requirements for the minor. 
• All courses with approval of department and instructor.
• Courses shown are the currently approved by departments
• Departments may add or remove courses in the future
• Students MUST double-check with each corresponding department when selecting courses. Students are responsible for prerequisites.

• BME 201 - Intro to Biomedical Eng

  "This is an introductory course for biomedical engineering undergraduate students. It covers topics such as recombinant DNA technologies, cell and tissue engineering, stem cell and organ regeneration, 3D tissue and organ printing, the design of tissue engineered products, biomaterial and tissue scaffolding, drug delivery, biomechanics, bioinstrumentation, engineering of immunity, and bio and medical imaging, etc. The application of nano-biotechnology in developing clinical products such as tissue engineered products, drug delivery systems, etc. will be emphasized in the course. Prerequisite: PHYS 131, Math 225. Co-requisite BIOL 113. Fall semester. 3 credit hours. Levels: Undergraduate

• BME 203 - Biomed Modeling Numerical Meth

  This is an introductory course for biomedical engineering undergraduates. It covers topics such as error propagation, linear and non-linear models of biological behavior, iterative solutions to systems of equations, finite difference methods, numerical interpolation and integration, dynamical biomedical systems modeling, ordinary and partial differential equations. Prerequisite: Math 226 , BME 201 . Spring semester. 3 credit hours. Levels: Undergraduate

• BME 213 - Biomolecular Engineering

  This course introduces engineering principles applied to processes involving recombinant protein production. It illustrates the development of tools and technologies of molecular biology and their application in protein engineering. The engineering aspects of quantitative bioprocess analysis is particularly emphasized in this course. Topics include bioprocessing, recombinant DNA technologies, material balances, mass transfer, bioreaction, and bioreactor engineering. Prerequisites: BME 201, CHEM 111, BIOL 113, MATH 324 or 371. 3 credit hours. Spring semester. Levels: Undergraduate

• BME 303 - Bio-fluid Mechanics

  This course is a core course for biomedical engineering undergraduates. This course introduces students to basic understanding and analysis of macro and microscopic phenomena of fluid mechanics with special emphasis on applications of fluid mechanics to biomedical systems. Fluid flows in biomedical systems mediate the transport of energy, mass and momentum, which is essential to the function of living systems. Perturbations in these processes often underlie disease development. Course topics expand from from the basic properties of fluids, the physics of fluid flow, to cardiovascular fluid mechanics, pulmonary gas exchange, and renal blood flow and sodium transport. Prerequisites: PHYS 131 , MATH 227, BME 318. 3 credit hours. Spring semester. Levels: Undergraduate

• BME 313 - Biomaterials

  This is an introductory biomaterials course for biomedical engineering undergraduate students. The course covers the primary biomaterial types including metals, ceramics, polymers, carbons, and composites as well as their uses in biomedical devices and implants. The application of these materials in tissue engineering, drug delivery, orthopedic implants, ophthalmologic devices, and cardiovascular devices will be particularly discussed. The biological response to implanted materials is emphasized in the course in terms of inflammation, immunity, infection, and toxicity. The regulatory biomedical device approval process is introduced as a natural extension of biocompatibility testing. Prerequisites: BIOL 113, CHEM 231 , BME 213 Fall semester. 3 credit hours. Levels: Undergraduate

• BME 318 - Biomechanics

  This course introduces students to concepts of engineering mechanics required to understand the structure and movement of biological systems. This course will deal primarily with explaining biomechanics from a continuum mechanics perspective. The course covers topics such as concepts of tensorial stress and strain, constitutive equations, mechanical properties of biosolid materials, viscoelasticity, torsion, and bending. The course also introduces topics specifically relevant to biological materials such as anisotropy, heterogeneity and failure mechanics. In addition to exploring fundamental engineering mechanics, this course will also enable students to apply these engineering principles to relevant real world biomedical problems. Prerequisites: PHYS 131 , MATH 227. Fall semester. 3 credit hours. Levels: Undergraduate

• BME 340 - Bioinformatics & Biostatistics

  This course introduces students to Biostatistics and Bioinformatics. The course covers the basic methods utilized to statistically analyze and present biological data using R programming language. Current tools, databases, and technologies in bioinformatics are discussed in this course. Topics include random variables and probability distributions, hypothesis testing and statistical inference, ANOVA, sequence alignment and database searching, DNA sequencing, and BLAST. Prerequisites: BIOL 113 , BME 203 . Spring Semester. 3 credit hours. Levels: Undergraduate

• BME 413 - Biomedical Transport Phenomena

  This course combines both fundamental engineering with physics and life sciences principles to provide focused coverage of key momentum and mass transport phenomena relevant to biomedical engineering. This course covers topics including thermodynamics, the physical principles of body fluids and cell membranes, molecular motors, cellular mechanics, solute and oxygen transport, pharmokinetic transport and extracorporeal devices such as blood oxygenators, hemodialysis and enzyme reactors. The course will also explore the design of modern day bioartifical organs. The goal of the lecture course is to emphasize the chemical and physical transport phenomena essential for biological life and the design and development of contemporary biomedical devices relevant to transport. Prerequisites: BME 303, BME 318, BME 330. Fall semester. 3 credit hours. Levels: Undergraduate

• BME 442 - Nanotechnology & Drug Delivery

  The course introduces basics concepts of nanobiotechnologies, including mathematical description of controlled release, and targeted and passive drug delivery. Different types of drug delivery nanotechnologies, including lipid-, polymer-, hydrogel-, and virus-based delivery systems and their application in disease treatments are also covered in this course. Undergraduate Prerequisite: BME213, MATH 324 . Fall semester. 3 credit hours. Levels: Undergraduate

• BME 463 - Bioprocess Engineering

  This course introduces engineering concepts for biological conversion of raw materials to pharmaceuticals, fuels, and chemicals. Includes enzyme kinetics and technology; bioreactor kinetics; design, analysis, control, and sterilization of bioreactors and fermenters; genetic engineering of organisms to generate commercially-relevant products; and downstream product processing. Prerequisites: CHEM 231 , BME 213. Spring Semester. 3 credit hours. Levels: Undergraduate

• BME 472 - Expermntal Design & Stat Anyls

  This is an advanced course for biomedical engineering senior undergraduates. It covers topics such as experimental design and hypothesis testing, ANOVA, MANOVA, linear and multiple regression, generalized linear modeling, principal component analysis, clustering, sampling methods, and bioinformatics. Prerequisites: BME203 , MATH 323 . 3 credits. Fall semester. 3 credit hours. Levels: Undergraduate

• BME 483 - Tissue Engineering

  This course introduces Tissue Engineering approaches at genetic and molecular, cellular, tissue, and organ levels. Topics include cell and tissue in vitro expansion, tissue organization, signaling molecules, stem cell and stem cell differentiation, organ regeneration, biomaterial and matrix for tissue engineering, bioreactor design for cell and tissue culture, clinical implementation of tissue engineered products, and tissue-engineered devices. Prerequisites: BME 313, BME 201, BIOL113. Co-requisite: BME 433. Fall semester. 3 credit hours. Levels: Undergraduate

• BME 499 - Undergraduate Research

  Student research under the supervision of a faculty member. Prior to enrolling in the course, a form must be completed and signed by 1) the student, 2) the professor supervising the research, and 3) the Director of Undergraduate Studies. Prerequisites: Approval of proposed research projects by the professor supervising the research. Variable credits (1-3 credits). Fall/Spring Semesters. Levels: Undergraduate

• BIOL 355 - Ecology

  Major global issues examined via ecological fundamentals and their application. Fundamentals include climate patterns, energy flow, nutrient cycling, population dynamics, plant ecology, species interactions. Issues include biodiversity crisis, ecosystem services, global warming, habitat fragmentation, human population growth, invasive species, pollution (acidification, biocides, eutrophication, nitrogen saturation), population exploitation. Graduate students will not receive graduate credit for this course. Prerequisite: BIOL 114; Students may earn credit for either BIOL 355 or BIOL 373, not both. Offered both fall and spring. 4 credits. Levels: Undergraduate

• BIOL 373 - Ecol. Principles & Application

  Relation of animals and plants to environment. Biological communities and physical factors acting on them, studied through lectures, readings, field and laboratory exercises. Prerequisite: BIOL 114, 115 or equivalent. Students may earn credit for either BIOL 373 or BIOL 355, not both. 4 credits. Levels: Undergraduate

• BIOL 379 - Biology&Conservation of Birds

  Basic biology of birds, focusing on characteristics affecting their ecological role. Conservation issues involving birds. Six to eight field trips and two field projects emphasizing identification, behavior and ecology. Two of the field trips are on weekends. Prerequisite: BIOL 114. 4 credits. Course fee applies. Refer to the Schedule of Classes. Levels: Undergraduate

• BIOL 441 - Molecular Ecology Laboratory

  Introduction to molecular methods used for research in ecology, evolution, behavior and conservation biology. Topics include DNA purification, the polymerase chain reaction, primer design, fingerprinting, DNA sequencing and use of Internet resources and software for phylogenetic data analysis. Primary emphasis is on gaining proficiency with research methods through laboratory exercises and independent projects. Lecture and laboratory. Pre or Corequisites: BIOL/BCHM 401, or BIOL 330, BIOL 332 or 351, or 355, or 373, or 375. 2 credits. Course fee applies. Refer to the Schedule of Classes. Levels: Undergraduate

• BIOL 455 - Principles Ecosystem Ecology

  Study of interactions among organisms and their environments as an integrated system. Examination of pools, fluxes and distribution patterns of material and energy through ecological systems, as well as their regulating factors. Introduction to scientific basis of ecosystem management at local, regional and global scales. Prerequisite: BIOL 355 or 373. 4 credits. Levels: Undergraduate

• BIOL 459 - Biogeography

  Ecological principles applied to the study of past, present and future distribution patterns of living organisms. Effects of Earth history, spatial pattern, plate tectonics, climate and climate change, and human impacts on biota. Prerequisite: BIOL 355 or 373. 4 credits. Levels: Undergraduate

• BIOL 472 - Tropical Ecology&Conservation

  Ecology of tropical environments, emphasizing ecology of rain forests, cloud forests and disturbed areas. Special attention given to insect/plant interactions, bird ecology and the place of humans in the environment. Includes a 10-day field trip to Costa Rica over spring recess. Prerequisites: consent of instructor; one course from the following: BIOL 355 (or 373) preferred, BIOL 351, 370, BIOL 374 (ENVI 361), BIOL 371, 373, 375, 377, 379, 455, 459, 469, 473, 475 476, 477. 4 credits. Enrollment requires payment of a laboratory fee to cover the travel cost. Refer to the Schedule of Classes. Levels: Undergraduate

• BIOL 476 - Population Ecology

  Population growth and regulation, including competition, herbivory, predation, disease, facilitation and mutualism. Ecophysiology, adaptations to the environment and responses of organisms and populations to environmental change. Lectures, readings, field and laboratory exercises. Prerequisite: BIOL 355 or 373. 4 credits. Levels: Undergraduate

• ECON 331 - Environmental Economics

  Demonstrates how economics can be used to understand behavioral sources of environmental problems and to provide foundations for innovative solutions. Starting with an analysis of underlying economic theory, examines several case studies including household energy issues, global warming, acid rain, voluntary pollution prevention programs and recycling. Basic principles of physical and social sciences are used, as appropriate, to develop the economic case studies. Prerequisites: ECON 160 and 162. 4 Cr. Levels: Undergraduate

• EDD 310 - Sust Eng in Envi & Soc Context

  This course shall examine issues related to sustainable development from both an environmental and societal perspective. First with respect to the environment, the practice of engineering profession is central to achieving sustainable development, one of the key challenges of the 21st century. During the second part of the class students will be exposed to Constructive Technology Assessment and Value Sensitive Design, methodologies which current engineers are using to better account for the social and ethical implications of their work. Lecture 3 hours per week. Course is offered in the spring semester. 3 credits Levels: Undergraduate

• EDD 320 - Engineering and Climate Change

  The work of engineers significantly influences, both positively and negatively, our human contribution to climate change. Climate change does not just present environmental risks; it is also a risk to global political stability, infrastructure and food security. Given that climate change is one of humanities biggest challenges of the 21st century, and its effects are already starting to be felt around the world, it is imperative that the engineering profession commits to playing its part in reducing its impacts. For society to develop solutions that minimize climate change, engineers must play a fundamental and active role. The proposed course seeks to describe some of the engineering solutions proposed as we move further into the 21st century. Prerequisite: Junior level and above. Semester offered varies. 3 credits. Levels: Undergraduate

• EECE 432 - Physics & Tech of Solar Cells

  This course focuses on the science and engineering fundamentals of photovoltaic solar energy devices and systems. The lectures cover solar radiation, semiconductor properties, p-n junction theory, solar cell operating principles, solar cell device designs and fabrication of traditional crystalline silicon and thin film solar cells. Students will learn the advanced concepts for high efficiency solar cells and emerging photovoltaic devices like organic (plastic) solar cells and quantum solar cells. The course covers solar module interconnections, engineering design of solar electricity systems, and power conditioning at the systems level. Technical elective. Prerequisites: EECE 332 or equivalent is desirable but not essential. Offered every spring semester. 3 credits. Levels: Undergraduate

• EECE 496 - Industrial Internship

  Engineering work experience in industry. Daily log book, memo progress reports and formal final report required. May satisfy, at most, one professional elective. Internships require course registration during the same term or semester as the internship is being completed (e.g., internships completed during the summer months would require summer registration). Taken with normal (letter) grade option ONLY; NOT P/F or S/U. Prerequisite: permission of faculty sponsor for internship. Offered every semester. Variable credit. Levels: Undergraduate

• EECE 497 - Independent Study

  Individual study under direct supervision of a faculty member. Approval of proposed subject by the faculty member and plan of study must be obtained prior to registration. Can be used to satisfy either a technical or professional elective. If used to satisfy a technical or professional elective, it must be taken with normal (letter) grade option ONLY; NOT P/F or S/U. Offered every semester. Variable credit. Levels: Graduate, Undergraduate

• EECE 499 - Undergraduate Research

  Assist with faculty research. Approval of proposed subject by the faculty member and plan of research must be obtained prior to registration. Can be used to satisfy either a technical or professional elective. If used to satisfy a technical elective or professional elective, it must be taken with normal (letter) grade option ONLY: NOT P/F or S/U. Offered every semester. Variable credit. Levels: Undergraduate

• ENVI 101 - Humans & Ecological Environ

  Multidisciplinary approach to study of relationships between environment and humans, from ecological perspective. Ecological principles, including material cycling, ecological relationships and succession. Scope and direction of human impact on biosphere, exemplified by population, agricultural practices, nutrition, forestry and wildlife. Consideration of environmental economics, policy and ethics. Offered regularly. 4 credits Levels: Undergraduate

• ENVI 149 - Environmental Ethics

  Examination of the major philosophical issues surrounding the environment and nature. Topics may include the value of nature; human obligations to the land, endangered species, non-human animals, ecosystems and future generations; vegetarianism; aesthetics and the environment; environmental racism; global warming; resource depletion; implications of environmental issues for ethical theory. Offered regularly. 4 credits Levels: Undergraduate

• ENVI 201 - Humans & Physical Environment

  Interdisciplinary approach to the study of how humans interact with their environment, emphasizing environmental geology and environmental chemistry. Topics include: 1) human use of energy: sources, environmental consequences (including air pollution), socio-economic aspects; 2) natural hazards and their impact on human activities; 3) use of water, its contamination and waste disposal; 4) introduction to land use and environmental planning. Prerequisite: ENVI 101 or BIOL 114. Offered regularly. 4 credits Levels: Undergraduate

• ENVI 312 - Environmental Law & Policy

  Environmental laws as perceived and dealt with by various judicial, legislative and administrative units. Pollution case law. Impact of economics and technology on environmental laws (as fashioned by legislatures and interpreted by the courts). Policy as well as legal doctrine. Prerequisite: ENVI 101 and ENVI 201. Offered spring only. 4 credits. Levels: Undergraduate

• ENVI 325 - Ecological Agriculture

  Agricultural systems in Western and non-Western societies in relationship to ecological principles; factors affecting long-term stability. Plant-soil relationships as dynamic system. Ecologically based agricultural techniques in garden situation. Prerequisite: ENVI 101. Course fee applies. Refer to the schedule of classes. Spring, 4 credits Levels: Undergraduate

• ENVI 327 - N'Tl Hist Of Nature Preserve

  Outdoor class taught mainly in the Nature Preserve. Students will learn specific features such as flora, fauna and land-use history of the Binghamton University Nature Preserve and then participate in guiding Nature Preserve educational hikes for community and school groups. This is a front-loaded course ending in mid-November. Prerequisites: ENVI 101 or BIOL 114, and consent of instructor. Fall, 4 credits Levels: Undergraduate

• ENVI 342 - Environmental Hydrology

  Introduction to environmental hydrology. Topics include global and local hydrologic budgets; the process by which water moves through the environment; an introduction to the chemistry of natural and polluted waters; and field-based studies of surface and subsurface water. Prerequisites: ENVI 101 and 201. Fall, 4 credits Levels: Undergraduate

• ENVI 361 - Freshwater Wetlands Ecology

  Structure and function of various freshwater wetland types, including swamps, marshes, fens and bogs. Use of indicator plants to identify wetland types. Laboratory time will involve field trips to different wetland types, learning to identify wetland plants and making a collection. Lecture and laboratory. Prerequisite: BIOL 114. Fall, 2 credits Course fee applies. Refer to the Schedule of Classes. Levels: Undergraduate

• GEOG 101 - Introduction to Geography

  Introduction to the major subfields of geography using maps and spatial data at local, regional and global scales. Issues of global significance are examined by comparing and contrasting the experience of core regions, such as Europe and the United States, to other world regions. Topics include realms of evolution and cultural exchange, biotic regions, global climate change, world population patterns and trends, migration flows, global cities and economic development. For majors and non-majors. Not open to seniors. 4 credits. Levels: Undergraduate

• GEOG 120 - Weather And Climate

  A systematic study of processes that govern variations in atmospheric conditions over time and space. Elements of heat exchange, moisture exchange and dynamics of air movement examined in relation to causes for various climatic patterns on Earth. Elements of applied climatology related to specific problems such as irrigation needs, wind erosion of soils, acid rain, water pollution, flood and storm prediction. For majors and non-majors. 4 credits. Levels: Undergraduate

• GEOG 121 - Physical Geography

  Introduces the student to physical elements on Earth. Topics include weather and climate, land forms, soil and vegetation. Specific global problems of physical environment are discussed (examples: erosion, greenhouse warming). For majors and non-majors. 4 credits. Levels: Undergraduate

• GEOG 221 - Global Climate Change

  This course cover causes and impact of climate change ranging from the historical record to future prediction, and the possible associated socioeconomic impacts and risks. After completion of this class, students will have a well-rounded understanding of the major climate science processes and scientific methods for studying, predicting and mitigating global change. No prerequisite. 4 credits. Levels: Undergraduate

• GEOG 222 - Earth's Surface Processes

  Sculpting of Earth's crust by exogenic forces, integration of classical and modern views in analysis of erosional and depositions landforms. Laboratory and field exercises; independent study. Three lectures, one three-hour laboratory per week. Prerequisite: GEOG 121 or introductory geology. Variable credits. Levels: Undergraduate

• GEOG 232 - Economic Geography

  Spatial patterns of economic activity. Relationship of land use to spatially variable environmental factors. Introduction to location theory. Resource management problems. Environmental consequences of production processes and population growth. 4 credits. Levels: Undergraduate

• GEOG 233 - Urban Geography:Race And Place

  Urban America has evolved within the context of European influences and unique processes related to American geography, technology and institutions-economic, political, legal and social. These forces, combined with America's racial/ethnic populations, have produced unique American urban landscapes and racial problems in various periods of American history, as well as in the contemporary urban scene. This course examines specific technology and institutions that played pivotal roles in the evolution of American racial geography. Hispanic American, African American, Asian American and European American cultures are examined. 4 credits. Levels: Undergraduate

• GEOG 234 - Urban Geog: Global Linkages

  The relevant debates concerning globalization and its urban linkages are examined. Sharpens the definition of globalization from a vaguely defined general process to a more precise threefold division of economic, cultural and political globalization. The connections among these three elements, the linkages between cities on several continents and the transformation of urban space are of key concern. 4 credits. Course fee applies. Refer to the Schedule of Classes. Levels: Undergraduate

• GEOG 235 - Intro. to Urban & Reg. Plan

  Evolution of urban and regional planning, from the inception of urbanization in the United States to the present. History and practice of planning, urban design, architecture, economic development, transportation systems, and the legal framework of planning. Examination of segregation, discrimination, and environmental justice. Theoretical and practical aspects. 4 credits. Levels: Undergraduate

• GEOG 239 - Environmental Planning/Policy

  Introduction to environmental management and planning processes as they are addressed in public policy, with an emphasis on factors that influence decision-making, including politics, economics, public interest and legal requirements. Focus of difficulties associated with defining goals, with uncertainty in environmental impacts and with the balance between qualitative and quantitative factors in decision-making, using case studies. 4 credits. Levels: Undergraduate

• GEOG 335 - Legal Aspects Of Planning

  Applications of legislative action, administrative rules and regulations, court decisions to urban and regional planning issues. Specific legislative acts, their administration; particular major cases to develop basic techniques of legal research. Prerequisite: one urban geography course. 4 credits. Levels: Undergraduate

• GEOG 336 - Envir Hlth:Race/Class Disparit

  Study of differential patterns of health status and health outcomes by race, ethnicity and class in the United States. Emphasis on the role of institutional policies such as land use and zoning practices, housing and residential segregation patterns, poverty and environmental pollution in producing disparate patterns of disease and disability among African Americans, Latino Americans, Native Americans and the rest of the U.S. population. Issues of conceptualization and measurement of race and ethnicity in environmental health research are addressed including data collection and visualization using maps and geographic software. Prerequisites: any one or more of GEOG 101, 103, 151, 211, or ENVI 101. 4 credits. Course fee applies. Refer to the Schedule of Classes. Levels: Undergraduate

• GEOG 341 - Water Resources Plng & Mgmt

  Role of water in environmental planning. Hydrologic, engineering, economic, ecological and institutional aspects of water management. Runoff models. Flood hazard analysis. Water supply systems. Water quality management. Drainage basins as planning units. Field trips; research reports. 4 credits. Levels: Undergraduate

• GEOG 345 - Urban Planning Analysis I

  Basic analytical methods used by urban and regional planners. New conceptions of functions of urban areas, population analysis and forecasting, industrial location and methods for attracting firms, commercial growth, the housing sector. Prerequisite: any one of GEOG 232, 233, 235 or ECON 360 or 362. 4 credits. Course fee applies. Refer to the Schedule of Classes. Levels: Undergraduate

• GEOG 352 - Population Geography

  The dynamic processes of population change (fertility, mortality, and migration) and the resultant change in population and distribution are examined at the local, national and global scales. In addition to a substantive study of these topics, students are introduced to the use of primary data sources for demographic description and policy recommendation. 4 credits. Levels: Undergraduate

• GEOG 422 - Biogeography

  Ecological principles applied to the study of past, present and future distribution patterns of living organisms. Effects of Earth history, spatial pattern, plate tectonics, climate and climate change and human impacts on biota. Prerequisites: GEOG 121 and/or an ecology course. 4 credits. Levels: Undergraduate

• GEOG 445 - Urban Planning Analysis II

  Continuation of study of analytical techniques introduced in GEOG 345. Urban renewal, reorganization of local services, planning for leisure and recreation, transportation, zoning, overall plan and methods of evaluation. Prerequisite: GEOG 345. 4 credits. Levels: Undergraduate

• GEOL 112 - Oceanography

  Fundamental concepts and principles of geological, physical and biological systems of oceans and human impact on these systems. Marine exploration, ocean floor structure, ocean sediments and volcanism, ocean circulation, wave and tide dynamics, geochemical evolution, coastal and open-ocean ecosystems, marine resources and pollution problems. Spring, 4 credits Levels: Undergraduate

• GEOL 115 - Global Change:Geologic Perspt

  Examines important, global-scale changes in the atmosphere and hydrosphere from geological, astronomical, and other perspectives. Formation and early state of the solar system; the early greenhouse atmosphere and its tectonic origin; geologic controls on Earth's hothouse and ice house climates; solar and orbital influences on climate; ice ages; the role of the oceans. Rise of civilization and its dependence on environmental factors. Study of recent phenomena including ozone depletion, El Nino, acid rain and possible global warming reinforces the modern theme of global human interdependency. The use of unresolved scientific issues in setting public policy is also discussed. Prerequisite: high school chemistry. Spring, 4 credits Levels: Undergraduate

• GEOL 120 - Energy and the Earth

  This course investigates the various sources of energy used by humans such as solar, wind, moving water, biomass, fossil fuels, and nuclear fission and fusion. The primary goal is to understand the scientific underpinning of each and develop a holistic appreciation for energy, the foundation of modern society. You will learn various aspects of the Earth system including the formation of the Solar System, plate tectonics, basic rock and mineral types, the atmosphere-hydrosphere system, among other topics. We will investigate historical and current energy generation and consumption and gain an understanding of the resources needed for each source. Offered once a year. 4 Credits. Levels: Undergraduate

• GEOL 416 - Hydrogeology

  Examination of the hydrologic cycle, the physical characteristics of aquifers, fluid flow through porous media, groundwater flow to wells, the geology of groundwater occurrence, groundwater chemistry and contamination. Prerequisites: GEOL 211/311 or 342 or ENVI 342. Recommended pre- or co-requisites: PHYS 121 and MATH 225. Fall, 4 credits Levels: Undergraduate

• GEOL 465 - Environmental Measurements

  Sampling methods, analysis and interpretation of results acquired from collection of environmental samples. Focus is on tracing inorganic pollutants in the atmosphere and hydrosphere. Integrated lecture and laboratory involving applied geochemistry principles and design, development and implementation of research projects. Prerequisite: GEOL 342 or ENVI 342 or GEOL 370/304 or ENVI 370 or consent of instructor. Spring, 4 credits. Course fee applies. Refer to the Schedule of Classes. Levels: Undergraduate

• GEOL 470 - Geochemistry

  Chemical thermodynamics, mineral equilibria, stable isotopes, radioactive dating methods, aqueous geochemistry, reaction kinetics as applied to geological systems; principles governing distribution and transport of elements in Earth system. Three one-hour classes per week. Prerequisites: MATH 221 or 225, CHEM 107 or 111, and GEOL 211/311, or consent of instructor. Fall, 4 credits Levels: Undergraduate

• ME 437 - Energy Engineering

  Principles of thermodynamics, heat transfer, fluid flow and materials science in describing the operation of energy production and conversion. (Technical elective.) Prerequisite: ME 331. Offered in the Spring semester. 3 credits Levels: Undergraduate

• ME 443 - HVAC

  Application of principles of thermodynamics, fluid mechanics and heat transfer to the analysis and design of heating, ventilating and air conditioning (HVAC) systems. Use materials of construction data in conjunction with internal gains to calculate heating and cooling loads. Use of psychometric data with ventilation requirements to select and integrate HVAC components into systems. Students will be required to generate a presentation on a relevant HVAC topic(s). (Technical elective.) Prerequisites: ME 331 and ME 351. Offered in the Fall and Spring semesters. 3 credits Levels: Undergraduate

• ME 496 - Industrial Internship

  Engineering professional experience. Record of engineering experience required. Student must obtain an industrial advisor and approval of a faculty advisor. Appropriate paperwork must be submitted to the department. Pass/Fail only. Variable credit. Levels: Undergraduate

• ME 497 - Independent Study

  Individual study under direct supervision of a faculty member. Student must obtain permission of instructor, who them determines description of program and number of credits. Appropriate paperwork must be submitted to the department. Variable credit. Levels: Undergraduate

• PLSC 113 - Intro To Comparative Politics

  Major institutions, processes, policy problems of government and politics in representative, democratic, totalitarian and modernizing political systems. 4 credits Levels: Undergraduate

• ISE 320 - Optimiz & Operation Research I

  Operations research (OR) is devoted to determination of the optimal course of action of a decision problem given resource restrictions. This course primarily covers deterministic optimization and operations research techniques. Following a review of linear algebra, students learn how to mathematically model an engineering problem, how to solve the problem to optimality and how to perform sensitivity analyses on the results. Students learn linear programming (LP), integer programming (IP), branch-and-bound (B & B), and other optimization techniques. Special emphasis on the solution of engineering decision making includes the following areas: transportation models; network models; inventory models; assignment problems; decision making under risk and uncertainty; and game theory. For non-ISE students using this course as an elective for the Sustainability Engineering minor, application of these techniques as applied to decision-making for sustainability are included. Prerequisite: Math 304 or permission of instructor. Offered in the Spring semester. 4 credits. Levels: Undergraduate

• ISE 497 - Independent Study

  Available every semester. Credits vary. Levels: Undergraduate

Application for Sustainability Engineering Minor